The I2C device which I want to use with this are 5 V capable, for example this one:Use a logic level converter to convert the 3.3V signals to 5V TTL and vise versa. You could drive a 5V TTL input with a 3.3V output (3.3V is above the logic '1' minimal voltage of TTL) but driving a 3.3V input with a 5V TTL signal is likely going to blow something up (unless the chip is 5V tolerant but I doubt that).
The TXS0108E is useful. You can buy these on breakout boards. They're not that expensive.
I will start my experiments with this ADS1115, it works very well on a BeagleBone Black at a 3.3 V level, however, I had this working already behind an ADUM1251, which is an I2C isolator.
With this in place, the BBB worked at 3.3 V and the other side at 5 V (actually ±2.5 V) with the ADS1115. This is a perfect way to make an uniploar (0 ... VDD) ADC working bipolar (-VDD/2 ... +VDD/2).